Sabiia Seb
PortuguêsEspañolEnglish
Embrapa
        Busca avançada

Botão Atualizar


Botão Atualizar

Ordenar por: 

RelevânciaAutorTítuloAnoImprime registros no formato resumido
Registros recuperados: 48
Primeira ... 123 ... Última
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
A comparative study of aging of the elastic fiber system of the diaphragm and the rectus abdominis muscles in rats BJMBR
Rodrigues,C.J.; Rodrigues Junior,A.J..
In the present study the age-related changes of the striated muscle elastic fiber system were investigated in the diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles of 1-, 4-, 8- and 18-month-old rats. The activation patterns of these muscles differ in that the diaphragm is regularly mobilized tens of times every minute during the entire life of the animal whereas the rectus abdominis, although mobilized in respiration, is much less and more irregularly activated. The elastic fibers were stained by the Verhoeff technique for mature elastic fibers. Weigert stain was used to stain mature and elaunin elastic fibers, and Weigert-oxone to stain mature, elaunin and oxytalan elastic fibers. The density of mature and elaunin elastic fibers showed a progressive increase with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aging; Elastin; Extracellular matrix; Diaphragm; Rectus abdominis.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000001200008
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
A connection between extracellular matrix and hormonal signals during the development of the human fetal adrenal gland BJMBR
Chamoux,E.; Otis,M.; Gallo-Payet,N..
The human adrenal cortex, involved in adaptive responses to stress, body homeostasis and secondary sexual characters, emerges from a tightly regulated development of a zone-specific secretion pattern during fetal life. Its development during fetal life is critical for the well being of pregnancy, the initiation of delivery, and even for an adequate adaptation to extra-uterine life. As early as from the sixth week of pregnancy, the fetal adrenal gland is characterized by a highly proliferative zone at the periphery, a concentric migration accompanied by cell differentiation (cortisol secretion) and apoptosis in the central androgen-secreting fetal zone. After birth, a strong reorganization occurs in the adrenal gland so that it better fulfills the newborn's...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Adrenal gland; Development; Human fetus; Extracellular matrix; Angiotensin II; Adrenocorticotropin.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005001000006
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Alterations in proteins of bone marrow extracellular matrix in undernourished mice BJMBR
Vituri,C.L.; Alvarez-Silva,M.; Trentin,A.G.; Borelli,P..
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of protein malnutrition on the glycoprotein content of bone marrow extracellular matrix (ECM). Two-month-old male Swiss mice were submitted to protein malnutrition with a low-protein diet containing 4% casein as compared to 20% casein in the control diet. When the experimental group had attained a 20% loss of their original body weight, we extracted the ECM proteins from bone marrow with PBS buffer, and analyzed ECM samples by SDS-PAGE (7.5%) and ECL Western blotting. Quantitative differences were observed between control and experimental groups. Bone marrow ECM from undernourished mice had greater amounts of extractable fibronectin (1.6-fold increase) and laminin (4.8-fold increase) when...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Fibronectin; Bone marrow; Extracellular matrix; Malnutrition.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000800004
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Alternagin-C, a disintegrin-like protein from the venom of Bothrops alternatus, modulates alpha2ß1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion, migration and proliferation BJMBR
Selistre-de-Araujo,H.S.; Cominetti,M.R.; Terruggi,C.H.B.; Mariano-Oliveira,A.; De Freitas,M.S.; Crepin,M.; Figueiredo,C.C.; Morandi,V..
The alpha2ß1 integrin is a major collagen receptor that plays an essential role in the adhesion of normal and tumor cells to the extracellular matrix. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the Brazilian snake Bothrops alternatus, competitively interacts with the alpha2ß1 integrin, thereby inhibiting collagen binding. When immobilized in plate wells, ALT-C supports the adhesion of fibroblasts as well as of human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and does not detach cells previously bound to collagen I. ALT-C is a strong inducer of HUVEC proliferation in vitro. Gene expression analysis was done using an Affimetrix HU-95A probe array with probe sets of ~10,000 human genes. In human fibroblasts growing on collagen-coated...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Alpha2ß1 integrin; Disintegrin; Snake venom; Adhesion; Gene expression; Extracellular matrix.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005001000007
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Building bone tissue: matrices and scaffolds in physiology and biotechnology BJMBR
Riminucci,M.; Bianco,P..
Deposition of bone in physiology involves timed secretion, deposition and removal of a complex array of extracellular matrix proteins which appear in a defined temporal and spatial sequence. Mineralization itself plays a role in dictating and spatially orienting the deposition of matrix. Many aspects of the physiological process are recapitulated in systems of autologous or xenogeneic transplantation of osteogenic precursor cells developed for tissue engineering or modeling. For example, deposition of bone sialoprotein, a member of the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein family, represents the first step of bone formation in ectopic transplantation systems in vivo. The use of mineralized scaffolds for guiding bone tissue engineering has...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular matrix; Bone matrix; Bone formation; Biomaterials; Tissue engineering.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000800008
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
CCN2/CTGF silencing blocks cell aggregation in embryonal carcinoma P19 cell BJMBR
Aguiar,D.P.; Coelho-Aguiar,J.M.; Abreu,J.G..
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is a matricellular-secreted protein involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. The P19 cell line is an embryonic carcinoma line widely used as a cellular model for differentiation and migration studies. In the present study, we employed an exogenous source of CCN2 and small interference RNA to address the role of CCN2 in the P19 cell aggregation phenomenon. Our data showed that increasing CCN2 protein concentrations from 0.1 to 20 nM decreased the number of cell clusters and dramatically increased cluster size without changing proliferation or cell survival, suggesting that CCN2 induced aggregation. In addition, CCN2 specific silencing inhibited typical P19 cell aggregation, which could be partially rescued by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Teratocarcinoma; Adhesion; Condensation; CCN family; CCN2/CTGF; Extracellular matrix.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000300004
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Cellular and matrix interactions during the development of T lymphocytes BJMBR
Owen,J.J.T.; McLoughlin,D.E.; Suniara,R.K.; Jenkinson,E.J..
The thymus contains an extensive extracellular matrix. Although thymocytes express integrins capable of binding to matrix molecules, the functional significance of the matrix for T cell development is uncertain. We have shown that the matrix is associated with thymic fibroblasts which are required for the CD44+ CD25+ stage of double negative (CD4-8-) thymocyte development. The survival of cells at this stage is dependent on IL-7 and we propose that the role of fibroblasts is to present, via the matrix, IL-7 to developing T cells.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular matrix; Epithelial cells; Fibroblasts; Integrins; Interleukin-7; Thymus.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000500008
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Collagen arrangement in hepatic granuloma in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni: dependence on fiber radiation centers BJMBR
Lenzi,H.L.; Kimmel,E.; Schechtman,H.; Pelajo-Machado,M.; Vale,B.S.; Panasco,M.S.; Lenzi,J.A..
The collagen structure of isolated and in situ liver granuloma from Swiss Webster mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni was sequentially and three-dimensionally analyzed during different times of infection (early acute, acute, transitional acute-chronic, and chronic phases) by laser scanning confocal microscopy and electron scanning variable vacuum microscopy. The initial granuloma structure is characterized by vascular collagen residues and by anchorage points (or fiber radiation centers), from where collagenous fibers are angularly shed and self-assembled. During the exudative-productive stage, the self-assembly of these fibers minimizes energy and mass through continuous tension and focal compression. The curvature or angles between collagen fibers...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Granuloma; Schistosoma mansoni; Collagen; Extracellular matrix; Confocal microscopy.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000500018
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Comparative histology in the liver and spleen of three species of freshwater teleost Neotropical Ichthyology
Sales,Camila F.; Silva,Regianne F.; Amaral,Marília G. C.; Domingos,Fabrício F. T.; Ribeiro,Rosy I. M. A.; Thomé,Ralph G.; Santos,Hélio B..
ABSTRACT We describe and compare the histology of liver and spleen ofGeophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes), Hypostomus francisci (Siluriformes) and Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Characiformes), tropical freshwater fishes. InG. brasiliensisandH. aff. malabaricusthe hepatocytes were arranged in tubular form whereas in H. franciscithey cord-like. In all species, hepatocytes presented glycogen, but in G. brasiliensis and H. aff. malabaricus they showed strong stained for hemossiderin in the cytoplasm. InG. brasiliensis and H. aff. malabaricus, melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) were associated to hepatic structures and only in G. brasiliensis was observed intrahepatic exocrine pancreas. The spleen, in all species, was characterized by red and white pulp without...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular matrix; Hepatocytes; Intrahepatic exocrine pancreas; Melanomacrophage centres; Red and White pulp.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252017000100209
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Composition and significance of glycosaminoglycans in the uterus and placenta of mammals BABT
Oliveira,Gleidson Benevides de; Vale,André Menezes do; Santos,Amílton Cesar dos; Moura,Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de; Rocha,Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira; Oliveira,Moacir Franco de.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heteropolysaccharides in mammalian tissue and consist of repeated disaccharide units with mono-sulfated or non-sulfated monosaccharides. GAGs are important components of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) with several physiological roles, in the recognition, migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation processes. They are also important in angiogenesis, blood homeostasis, immune reactions, follicule development and also in the development of pathologies such as infertility, tumors and metastases. It has been shown that the profile of glycosaminoglycans in the uterine and placental tissues is highly variable throughout the reproductive cycle and during pregnancy. It may be directly related to their physiological or...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular matrix; Hormonal fluctuation; Reproductive events; Euterium mammals; Pathology.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132015000400512
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Decellularization of placentas: establishing a protocol BJMBR
Leonel,L.C.P.C.; Miranda,C.M.F.C.; Coelho,T.M.; Ferreira,G.A.S.; Caãada,R.R.; Miglino,M.A.; Lobo,S.E..
Biological biomaterials for tissue engineering purposes can be produced through tissue and/or organ decellularization. The remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) must be acellular and preserve its proteins and physical features. Placentas are organs of great interest because they are discarded after birth and present large amounts of ECM. Protocols for decellularization are tissue-specific and have not been established for canine placentas yet. This study aimed at analyzing a favorable method for decellularization of maternal and fetal portions of canine placentas. Canine placentas were subjected to ten preliminary tests to analyze the efficacy of parameters such as the type of detergents, freezing temperatures and perfusion. Two protocols were chosen for...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular matrix; Placenta; Decellularization; Acellular biomaterial.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018000100601
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Decellularized Bovine Articular Cartilage Matrix Reinforced by Carboxylated-SWCNT for Tissue Engineering Application BABT
Mohammadie,Zari Majidi; Parivar,Kazem; Shahri,Nasser Mahdavi; Fereidoni,Masoud; Hayati-Roodbari,Nasim.
ABSTRACT Nanotubes with their unique properties have diversified mechanical and biological applications. Due to similarity of dimensions with extracellular matrix (ECM) elements, these materials are used in designing scaffolds. In this research, Carboxylated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in optimization of decellularized scaffold of bovine articular cartilage was used. At first, the articular cartilage was decellularized. Then the scaffolds were analyzed in: (i) decellularized scaffolds, and (ii) scaffolds plunged into homogenous suspension of nanotubes in distilled water, were smeared with Carboxylated-SWCNT. The tissue rings derived from the rabbit's ear were assembled with reinforced scaffolds and they were placed in a culture media for 15 days. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Articular cartilage; Carboxylated-SWCNT; Extracellular matrix; Natural scaffold; Tissue engineering.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132017000100607
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Dimensions and dynamics in integrin function BJMBR
Yamada,K.M.; Pankov,R.; Cukierman,E..
Integrins play crucial roles in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling by providing transmembrane links between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Integrins cluster in macromolecular complexes to generate cell-matrix adhesions such as focal adhesions. In this mini-review, we compare certain integrin-based biological responses and signaling during cell interactions with standard 2D cell culture versus 3D matrices. Besides responding to the composition of the matrix, cells sense and react to physical properties that include three-dimensionality and rigidity. In routine cell culture, fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells appear to use focal adhesions as anchors. They then use intracellular actomyosin contractility and dynamic, directional integrin...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular matrix; Cell adhesion; Integrin; Fibronectin; Signal transduction; Migration.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000800001
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Effect of photodynamic therapy on the extracellular matrix and associated components BJMBR
Pazos,M.d.C.; Nader,H.B..
In many countries, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized as a standard treatment for malignant conditions (for example, esophageal and lung cancers) and non-malignant ones such as age-related macular degeneration and actinic keratoses. The administration of a non-toxic photosensitizer, its selective retention in highly proliferating cells and the later activation of this molecule by light to form reactive oxygen species that cause cell death is the principle of PDT. Three important mechanisms are responsible for the PDT effectiveness: a) direct tumor cell kill; b) damage of the tumor vasculature; c) post-treatment immunological response associated with the leukocyte stimulation and release of many inflammatory mediators like cytokines, growth...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Photodynamic therapy; Extracellular matrix; Adhesion; Chemical mediators; Matrix metalloproteinases.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2007000800002
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Elastin (ELN) gene point mutation in patients with inguinal hernia Genet. Mol. Biol.
Rodrigues,Consuelo Junqueira; Yoo,Jin Hwan; Rodrigues Junior,Aldo Junqueira.
Groin hernias emerge at the myopectineal orifice of Fruchaud which is closed off by the fascia transversalis. Our previous studies showed structural and quantitative changes of the fascia transversalis elastic fibers of inguinal hernia patients and elderly people. The present study used single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) elastin (analysis to investigate the 34 exons of the ELN gene of 49 inguinal hernia patients (7 females, 42 males aged 58.7 ± 19.82 years) and 75 non-herniated controls (35 females, 40 males aged 46.2 ± 14.32 years). We found that 47 patients and 24 controls had an abnormal exon 20 pattern caused by a g28197A > G missense mutation leading to an S422G amino acid substitution in the elastin hydrophobic domain. The g28197A >...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Fascia transversalis; Extracellular matrix; Elastic fibers; Elastin gene; Inguinal hernia.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572006000100009
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Elastin increases biofilm and extracellular matrix production of Aspergillus fumigatus BJM
Brandão,Ildnay de Souza Lima; Oliveira-Moraes,Heloiza Maria da Silva; Motta,Cristina Maria de Souza; Oliveira,Neiva Tinti de; Magalhães,Oliane Maria Correia.
Abstract Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic saprobe fungus that accounts for 90% of cases of pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed patients and is known for its angiotropism. When it reaches the respiratory tract, A. fumigatus interacts with structural components and blood vessels of the lungs, such as elastin. To understand the effect of this structural component, we examined the effect of elastin on the production and development of the biofilm of A. fumigatus. In RPMI containing 10 mg/mL of elastin, a significant increase (absorbance p < 0.0001; dry weight p < 0.0001) in the production of biofilm was observed in comparison to when RPMI was used alone, reaching a maximum growth of 18.8 mg (dry weight) of biofilm in 72 h. In addition,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aspergillus fumigatus; Biofilm; Elastin; Extracellular matrix; Hydrophobicity.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822018000300675
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Epistasis of polymorphisms related to the articular cartilage extracellular matrix in knee osteoarthritis: Analysis-based multifactor dimensionality reduction Genet. Mol. Biol.
Fernández-Torres,Javier; Martínez-Nava,Gabriela Angélica; Zamudio-Cuevas,Yessica; Lozada,Carlos; Garrido-Rodríguez,Daniela; Martínez-Flores,Karina.
Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology. The genetic component is one of the main associated factors, resulting from interactions between genes and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify gene-gene interactions (epistasis) of the articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in knee OA. Ninety-two knee OA patients and 147 healthy individuals were included. Participants were genotyped in order to evaluate nine variants of eight genes associated with ECM metabolism using the OpenArray technology. Epistasis was analyzed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The MDR analysis showed significant gene-gene interactions between MMP3 (rs679620) and COL3A1 (rs1800255), and between...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Epistasis; Extracellular matrix; Knee osteoarthritis; Multifactor dimensionality reduction; Polymorphisms.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572020000400102
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Expression of extracellular matrix components and their receptors in the central nervous system during experimental Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi infection BJMBR
Silva,A.A.; Roffê,E.; Lannes-Vieira,J..
Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in the central nervous system (CNS) usually associated with inflammatory lesions have been described in several pathological situations including neuroblastoma and demyelinating diseases. The participation of fibronectin (FN) and its receptor, the VLA-4 molecule, in the migration of inflammatory cells into the CNS has been proposed. In Trypanosoma cruzi infection encephalitis occurs during the acute phase, whereas in Toxoplasma infection encephalitis is a chronic persisting process. In immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients, T. cruzi or T. gondii infection can lead to severe CNS damage. At the moment, there are no data available regarding the molecules involved in the entrance of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Toxoplasma gondii; Trypanosoma cruzi; Central nervous system; Extracellular matrix.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000500013
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins BJMBR
Veiga,S.S.; Zanetti,V.C.; Braz,A.; Mangili,O.C.; Gremski,W..
Loxoscelism, the term used to describe lesions and clinical manifestations induced by brown spider's venom (Loxosceles genus), has attracted much attention over the last years. Brown spider bites have been reported to cause a local and acute inflammatory reaction that may evolve to dermonecrosis (a hallmark of envenomation) and hemorrhage at the bite site, besides systemic manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolysis, and renal failure. The molecular mechanisms by which Loxosceles venoms induce injury are currently under investigation. In this review, we focused on the latest reports describing the biological and physiopathological aspects of loxoscelism, with reference mainly to the proteases recently...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Brown spider; Venom; Extracellular matrix; Proteolytic effect.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000700002
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: structure, protein interactions and cell signaling Anais da ABC (AABC)
Dreyfuss,Juliana L.; Regatieri,Caio V.; Jarrouge,Thais R.; Cavalheiro,Renan P.; Sampaio,Lucia O.; Nader,Helena B..
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are ubiquitously found at the cell surface and extracellular matrix in all the animal species. This review will focus on the structural characteristics of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans related to protein interactions leading to cell signaling. The heparan sulfate chains due to their vast structural diversity are able to bind and interact with a wide variety of proteins, such as growth factors, chemokines, morphogens, extracellular matrix components, enzymes, among others. There is a specificity directing the interactions of heparan sulfates and target proteins, regarding both the fine structure of the polysaccharide chain as well precise protein motifs. Heparan sulfates play a role in cellular signaling either as receptor...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Glycosaminoglycans and protein interactions; Growth factors; Focal adhesion; Extracellular matrix; Cell cycle; Cell proliferation.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652009000300007
Registros recuperados: 48
Primeira ... 123 ... Última
 

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa
Todos os direitos reservados, conforme Lei n° 9.610
Política de Privacidade
Área restrita

Embrapa
Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB s/n°
Brasília, DF - Brasil - CEP 70770-901
Fone: (61) 3448-4433 - Fax: (61) 3448-4890 / 3448-4891 SAC: https://www.embrapa.br/fale-conosco

Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional